"Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies: Eggs before Chickens?"

In the present-day universe, the masses of giant black holes are correlated with the luminosities, masses, and velocity dispersions of their host galaxies. This empirical correlation of phenomena on widely different scales suggests that the growth of black holes and the evolution of galaxies are closely linked. Understanding the origin of this correlation is a major challenge for cosmological models and is believed to hold a key to solving several astrophysical problems. With high S/N Keck spectra and HST images, I will present direct measurements of the scaling relations between black hole mass and host galaxy properties at z=0.36 and z=0.57. By comparing these relations with those of local quiescent and Seyfert galaxies, I will show that the relations evolved significantly in the last 6 billion years, indicating that the growth of black hole predates the final bulge assembly, at the mass scales of sigma=~170 km/s. Selection bias and the mass-dependency of the evolution will b discussed. At the end of the talk, I will present the first Chandra result from AMUSE-Virgo (AGN Multi-wavelength Survey of Early-type galaxies in Virgo). Low level activities of supermassive black holes (-8.4 < log (Lx/L_Edd) < -5.8) were detected in 16 out of 32 galaxies, and their kinetic energy output is consistent with models for cosmic sturcture formation (AGN radio mode).